Live estimate

India CO₂ Emissions

India emitted 3.19 billion tonnes of CO₂ from fossil fuels and industry in 2024: 8.3% of the world total, the 3rd most of 213 countries. That is 2.2 tonnes per person, 53% below the world average of 4.7 t.

Estimated CO₂ emitted by India in 2026 so far

0 tonnes since you opened this page · 101 t every second

CO₂ in 2024

3.19 Gt

3.19 billion tonnes

World rank

of 213 countries

Share of world

8.3%

world total 38.6 Gt

Per person

2.2 t

world average 4.7 t

Change vs 2023

+4.3%

2023: 3.06 Gt

Historical share

3.6%

#7 since 1750

Trend since 2000

Emissions rose 4.3% in 2024 compared with 2023. Compared with 2005, emissions are up 167%. 2024 was the highest year on record.

2,0004,000

Million tonnes of CO₂ a year

Show yearly data (million tonnes)

Year	CO₂ (Mt)
2024	3,193.5
2023	3,062.8
2022	2,831.1
2021	2,675.8
2020	2,422.7
2019	2,611.2
2018	2,595.2
2017	2,425.7
2016	2,352.5
2015	2,231.8
2014	2,148.1
2013	1,995.3
2012	1,927.0
2011	1,765.7
2010	1,678.5
2009	1,613.3
2008	1,490.4
2007	1,393.5
2006	1,293.3
2005	1,195.4
2004	1,134.6
2003	1,068.4
2002	1,032.8
2001	1,001.2
2000	987.1

Where it comes from

Coal is the largest source of India’s CO₂, at 66%.

Coal66%2,108 Mt
Oil23%747 Mt
Gas5%149 Mt
Cement6%186 Mt
Flaring0%2.8 Mt

India in context

17.8% vs 8.3%

Share of people vs share of CO₂

India is home to 17.8% of the world’s population and produces 8.3% of its fossil CO₂, so its share of emissions is smaller than its share of people.

+453%

Change since 1990

Emissions in 2024 were 453% higher than in 1990, the baseline year of the Kyoto Protocol (578.0 Mt then). World emissions rose 70% over the same period.

2,543 Mt

Consumption-based CO₂ (2023)

Counting the CO₂ in goods it imports and exports, India was responsible for 2,543.2 Mt in 2023, 17% less than the 3,062.8 Mt produced at home: part of its output is consumed elsewhere.

282 g

CO₂ per kWh of energy

Each kilowatt-hour of primary energy used in India came with about 282 g of CO₂ in 2024 (world: 218 g), pointing to a more fossil-heavy energy mix than the world average.

0.27 kg

CO₂ per dollar of GDP

Its economy emitted 0.27 kg of CO₂ for each dollar of output in 2022 (adjusted for purchasing power), close to the world average of 0.29 kg.

Figures from Our World in Data, based on the Global Carbon Project; latest year available for each measure.

How India compares

Rank	Country	CO₂ 2024	Share	Per person
1	China	12.29 Gt	31.8%	8.7 t
2	United States	4.90 Gt	12.7%	14.2 t
3	India	3.19 Gt	8.3%	2.2 t
4	Russia	1.78 Gt	4.6%	12.3 t
5	Japan	961.9 Mt	2.5%	7.8 t

See all 213 countries → · Global live counter →

Questions and answers

How much CO₂ does India emit?

India emitted 3.19 billion tonnes of CO₂ from fossil fuels and industry in 2024, 8.3% of global emissions. That is about 101 tonnes every second.

What are India’s CO₂ emissions per person?

India emits 2.2 tonnes per person, 53% below the world average of 4.7 t. Per-person emissions divide the national total by population (1,450.9 million people in 2024).

Are India’s CO₂ emissions rising or falling?

Emissions rose 4.3% in 2024 compared with 2023. Compared with 2005, emissions are up 167%. 2024 was the highest year on record.

What is the main source of CO₂ emissions in India?

Coal is the largest source, at 66% of India’s fossil and industry CO₂ in 2024 (2.11 billion tonnes).

What are India’s consumption-based CO₂ emissions?

About 2,543.2 million tonnes in 2023, 17% less than the 3,062.8 million tonnes emitted within its borders, because part of what it produces is exported and consumed in other countries. Consumption-based accounting adds the emissions embodied in imports and subtracts those in exports.

How much has India contributed to historical CO₂ emissions?

Since 1750, India has emitted about 66 billion tonnes of fossil CO₂, 3.6% of the world total, the 7th largest historical contribution.